######################################################################## # BGN/PCGN 1981 System # # The BGN/PCGN system for Armenian was designed for use in romanizing # names written in the Armenian alphabet. The Roman letters and letter # combinations shown as equivalents to the Armenian characters reflect # the eastern variety of Armenian, i.e., the language spoken in # the Republic of Armenia. # # The Armenian Alphabet as defined by the BGN (Page 11): # # ԱԲԳԴԵԶԷԸԹԺԻԼԽԾԿՀՁՂՃՄՅՆՇՈՉՊՋՌՍՎՐՑՓՔՕՖ # աբգդեզէըթժիլխծկհձղճմյնշոչպջռսվտրցփքևօֆ # # Prepared by Michael Everson <everson@evertype.com> ######################################################################## # # MINIMAL FILTER: Armenian-Latin # :: [ԱԲԳԴԵԶԷԸԹԺԻԼԽԾԿՀՁՂՃՄՅՆՇՈՉՊՋՌՍՎՏՐՑՒՓՔՕՖաբգդեզէըթժիլխծկհձղճմյնշոչպջռսվտրցւփքօֆև] ; :: NFD (NFC) ; # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # Define All Transformation Variables # ######################################################################## # $upperConsonants = [ԲԳԴԶԹԺԼԽԾԿՀՁՂՃՄՅՆՇՉՊՋՌՍՎՐՑՓՔՖ] ; $lowerConsonants = [բգդզթժլխծկհձղճմյնշչպջռսվտրցփքֆ] ; $consonants = [$upperConsonants $lowerConsonants] ; $upperVowels = [ԱԵԷԸԻՈՕՒ] ; $lowerVowels = [աեէըիոևօւ] ; $vowels = [$upperVowels $lowerVowels] ; $lower = [$lowerConsonants $lowerVowels] ; $aspirate = ’ ; # # Use this $wordBoundary until bug 2034 is fixed in ICU: # http://bugs.icu-project.org/cgi-bin/icu-bugs/transliterate?id=2034;expression=boundary;user=guest # $wordBoundary = [^[:L:][:M:][:N:]] ; # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 12 Rule 3: # # The character և should be romanized yev initially, after the vowel # characters ա, ե, է, ը, ի, ո, ւ, and օ. # In all other instances, it should be romanized ev. # ######################################################################## # $wordBoundary{ԵՒ}$wordBoundary → YEV ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + CAPITAL YIWN $wordBoundary{ԵՒ → YEV ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + CAPITAL YIWN $vowels{ԵՒ → YEV ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + CAPITAL YIWN ԵՒ → EV ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + CAPITAL YIWN $wordBoundary{Եւ}$wordBoundary → Yev ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + SMALL YIWN $wordBoundary{Եւ → Yev ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + SMALL YIWN $vowels{Եւ → Yev ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + SMALL YIWN Եւ → Ev ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL ECH + SMALL YIWN $wordBoundary{եւ}$wordBoundary → yev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL ECH + SMALL YIWN $wordBoundary{եւ → yev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL ECH + SMALL YIWN $vowels{եւ → yev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL ECH + SMALL YIWN եւ → ev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL ECH + SMALL YIWN $wordBoundary{և}$wordBoundary → yev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN $wordBoundary{և → yev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN $vowels{և → yev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN և → ev ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LIGATURE ECH YIWN # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 3 # ######################################################################## ######################################################################## # # Start of Alphabetic Transformations # ######################################################################## # Ա → A ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER AYB ա → a ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER AYB Բ → B ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER BEN բ → b ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER BEN Գ → G ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GIM գ → g ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GIM Դ → D ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER DA դ → d ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER DA # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 12 Rule 1: # # The character ե should be romanized ye initially, after the vowel # characters ա, ե, է, ը, ի, ո, ւ, and օ. # In all other instances, it should be romanized e. # ######################################################################## # $upperVowels{Ե → YE ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH $lowerVowels{Ե → Ye ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH $wordBoundary{Ե → Ye ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH Ե → E ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH $vowels{ե → ye ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH $wordBoundary{ե → ye ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH ե → e ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ECH # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 1 # ######################################################################## # Զ → Z ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZA զ → z ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZA Է → E ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER EH է → e ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER EH Ը → Y ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ET ը → y ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ET Թ → T $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TO թ → t $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TO Ժ} $lower → Zh ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHE Ժ → ZH ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ZHE ժ → zh ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZHE Ի → I ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER INI ի → i ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER INI Լ → L ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER LIWN լ → l ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER LIWN Խ} $lower → Kh ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER XEH Խ → KH ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER XEH խ → kh ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER XEH Ծ} $lower → Ts ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CA Ծ → TS ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CA ծ → ts ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CA Կ → K ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEN կ → k ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEN Հ → H ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER HO հ → h ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER HO Ձ} $lower → Dz ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JA Ձ → DZ ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JA ձ → dz ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JA Ղ} $lower → Gh ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD Ղ → GH ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER GHAD ղ → gh ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD Ճ} $lower → Ch ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH Ճ → CH ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH ճ → ch ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHEH Մ → M ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER MEN մ → m ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER MEN Յ → Y ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YI յ → y ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YI Ն → N ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER NOW ն → n ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER NOW Շ} $lower → Sh ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHA Շ → SH ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SHA շ → sh ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SHA # ######################################################################## # # Transliteration Case 34: # Ու} $lower → U ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO + SMALL YIWN ՈՒ → U ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO + CAPITAL YIWN ու → u ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO + SMALL YIWN # ######################################################################## # ######################################################################## # # BGN Page 12 Rule 2: # # The character ո should be romanized vo initially except in the # word ով, which should be romanized ov. In all other instances, it # should be romanized o. # ######################################################################## # ՈՎ → OV ; Ով → Ov ; ով → ov ; $wordBoundary{Ո}$lower → Vo ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO $wordBoundary{Ո → VO ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VO Ո → O ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER ECH $wordBoundary{ո → vo ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO ո → o ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO # ######################################################################## # # End of Rule 2 # ######################################################################## # Չ} $lower → Ch $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHA Չ → CH $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHA չ → ch $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CHA Պ → P ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PEH պ → p ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PEH Ջ → J ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER JHEH ջ → j ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER JHEH Ռ} $lower → Rr ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER RA Ռ → RR ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER RA ռ → rr ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER RA Ս → S ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER SEH ս → s ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SEH Վ → V ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER VEW վ → v ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VEW Տ → T ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER TIWN տ → t ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER TIWN Ր → R ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER REH ր → r ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER REH Ց} $lower → Ts $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CHEH Ց → TS $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER CO ց → ts $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CO # ######################################################################## # # The BGN does not show YIWN on its own. # #Ւ → W ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER YIWN #ւ → w ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YIWN # ######################################################################## # Փ → P $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER PIWR փ → p $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER PIWR Ք → K $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER KEH ք → k $aspirate ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER KEH Օ → O ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER OH օ → o ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER OH Ֆ → F ; # ARMENIAN CAPITAL LETTER FEH ֆ → f ; # ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER FEH # ########################################################################