# LinkFormattingTest.txt # Date: 2026-05-20, 21:41:06 GMT # © 2026 Unicode®, Inc. # Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. # For terms of use and license, see https://www.unicode.org/terms_of_use.html # # The usage and stability of these values is covered in https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr58/ # # ================================================ # # Format: This is not a file with semicolon-delimited fields. # Instead, it consists of paired lines, separated by empty lines and/or comment lines. # The first line of each pair is the source, fully escaped. # The second line of each pair is the result, minimally escaped. # # Comments are lines that begin with a #. # # The fully-escaped field percent-escapes all code points based on https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encoded-bytes. # This means all literal syntax characters in each Part and all code points above ASCII. # It also percent-escapes the last character, if it is Link_Term=Soft. # # The minimally-escaped field is the more readable format described in UTS #58. # # Each pair also has a comment line for the internal structure of the URL. # 𝑺 = the schema # 𝑯 = the host (typically just a domain name) the internal structure is not broken down. # 𝑷 = indicates one of the labels in the path. So /seg1/seg2 becomes 𝑷=seg1 𝑷=seg1 # 𝑸 = each key in the query. So &θ=ικλ&μ=γξο becomes 𝑸=θ 𝑽=ικλ 𝑸=μ 𝑽=γξο. # 𝑽 = a value for the preceding key # 𝑭 = a fragment. So #reserved:~:text=Reserved,into:~:text=open,closed becomes 𝑭=reserved 𝑫=Reserved,into 𝑫=text=open,closed # 𝑫 = a fragment-directive # ================================================ # # Selected test cases # Path only # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α} https://example.com/%CE%B1 https://example.com/α # Query only # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=α} https://example.com?%CE%B1 https://example.com?α # Fragment only # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑭=α} https://example.com#%CE%B1 https://example.com#α # All parts # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=αβγ 𝑷=δεζ 𝑸=θ 𝑽=ικλ 𝑸=μ 𝑽=γξο 𝑭=πρς} https://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B3/%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B6?%CE%B8=%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB&%CE%BC=%CE%B3%CE%BE%CE%BF#%CF%80%CF%81%CF%82 https://example.com/αβγ/δεζ?θ=ικλ&μ=γξο#πρς # Escape soft at end of Path (with nothing following) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=αβγ 𝑷=δ.εζ.} https://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B3/%CE%B4.%CE%B5%CE%B6%2E https://example.com/αβγ/δ.εζ%2E # Escape soft at end of Query (with nothing following) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=αβγ 𝑷=δ.εζ. 𝑸=θ 𝑽=ικλ 𝑸=μ 𝑽=γ.ξο.} https://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B3/%CE%B4.%CE%B5%CE%B6.?%CE%B8=%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB&%CE%BC=%CE%B3.%CE%BE%CE%BF%2E https://example.com/αβγ/δ.εζ.?θ=ικλ&μ=γ.ξο%2E # Escape soft at end of Fragment (with nothing following) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=αβγ 𝑷=δ.εζ 𝑸=θ 𝑽=ικλ 𝑸=μ 𝑽=γ.ξο 𝑭=π.ρς.} https://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B3/%CE%B4.%CE%B5%CE%B6?%CE%B8=%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BB&%CE%BC=%CE%B3.%CE%BE%CE%BF#%CF%80.%CF%81%CF%82%2E https://example.com/αβγ/δ.εζ?θ=ικλ&μ=γ.ξο#π.ρς%2E # Escape ? in Path # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α?μπ} https://example.com/%CE%B1%3F%CE%BC%CF%80 https://example.com/α%3Fμπ # Escape #, =, & in Path/Query # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α#β 𝑸=γ 𝑽=δ#ε} https://example.com/%CE%B1#%CE%B2?%CE%B3=%CE%B4#%CE%B5 https://example.com/α%23β?γ=δ%23ε # Escape hard (' ') # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=αβ γ 𝑷=δεζ 𝑸=θ 𝑽=ικ λ 𝑸= 𝑽=γξο 𝑭=πρ σ} https://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%20%CE%B3/%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B6?%CE%B8=%CE%B9%CE%BA%20%CE%BB&=%CE%B3%CE%BE%CE%BF#%CF%80%CF%81%20%CF%83 https://example.com/αβ%20γ/δεζ?θ=ικ%20λ&=γξο#πρ%20σ # Escape soft ('.') unless followed by include # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=αβγ. 𝑷=δεζ. 𝑸=θ 𝑽=ικ.λ 𝑸= 𝑽=γξο. 𝑭=πρς.} https://example.com/%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%B3./%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%B6.?%CE%B8=%CE%B9%CE%BA.%CE%BB&=%CE%B3%CE%BE%CE%BF.#%CF%80%CF%81%CF%82%2E https://example.com/αβγ./δεζ.?θ=ικ.λ&=γξο.#πρς%2E # Escape unmatched brackets # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β) 𝑸=γ(δ) 𝑭=ε(ζ))} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2)?%CE%B3(%CE%B4)#%CE%B5(%CE%B6)) https://example.com/α(β)?γ(δ)#ε(ζ)%29 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β) 𝑸=γ(δ))} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2)?%CE%B3(%CE%B4)) https://example.com/α(β)?γ(δ)%29 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β) 𝑭=ε(ζ))} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2)#%CE%B5(%CE%B6)) https://example.com/α(β)#ε(ζ)%29 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β))} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2)) https://example.com/α(β)%29 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=γ(δ) 𝑭=ε(ζ))} https://example.com?%CE%B3(%CE%B4)#%CE%B5(%CE%B6)) https://example.com?γ(δ)#ε(ζ)%29 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=γ(δ))} https://example.com?%CE%B3(%CE%B4)) https://example.com?γ(δ)%29 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑭=ε(ζ))} https://example.com#%CE%B5(%CE%B6)) https://example.com#ε(ζ)%29 # No escape for matched brackets # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β) 𝑸=γ(δ) 𝑭=ε(ζ)} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2)?%CE%B3(%CE%B4)#%CE%B5(%CE%B6) https://example.com/α(β)?γ(δ)#ε(ζ) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β) 𝑸=γ(δ)} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2)?%CE%B3(%CE%B4) https://example.com/α(β)?γ(δ) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β) 𝑭=ε(ζ)} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2)#%CE%B5(%CE%B6) https://example.com/α(β)#ε(ζ) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α(β)} https://example.com/%CE%B1(%CE%B2) https://example.com/α(β) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=γ(δ) 𝑭=ε(ζ)} https://example.com?%CE%B3(%CE%B4)#%CE%B5(%CE%B6) https://example.com?γ(δ)#ε(ζ) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=γ(δ)} https://example.com?%CE%B3(%CE%B4) https://example.com?γ(δ) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑭=ε(ζ)} https://example.com#%CE%B5(%CE%B6) https://example.com#ε(ζ) # Path with escaped separator # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α 𝑷=β/γ} https://example.com/%CE%B1/%CE%B2/%CE%B3 https://example.com/α/β%2Fγ # Path with escapes (% is escaped only if followed by 2 hex digits [0-9A-fa-f) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α 𝑷=β%41γ%ε%} https://example.com/%CE%B1/%CE%B2%2541%CE%B3%%CE%B5% https://example.com/α/β%2541γ%ε% # Query with escapes (& separates key-value pairs, so handle literal &) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=α& 𝑽=β 𝑸=γ 𝑽=&δ} https://example.com?%CE%B1&=%CE%B2&%CE%B3=&%CE%B4 https://example.com?α%26=β&γ=%26δ # Query with escapes (= separates keys and values, so handle literal =) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=α=β 𝑽=γ=δ} https://example.com?%CE%B1=%CE%B2=%CE%B3=%CE%B4 https://example.com?α%3Dβ=γ%3Dδ # Query with escapes (% is escaped only if followed by 2 hex digits [0-9A-fa-f) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑸=α%β 𝑽=γ%δ} https://example.com?%CE%B1%%CE%B2=%CE%B3%%CE%B4 https://example.com?α%β=γ%δ # Path and Query with quoted syntax characters # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=example.com 𝑷=α 𝑷=b/?#c 𝑸=αβ 𝑽=γ&ζ=#Ξ 𝑸=k 𝑽=v 𝑭=frag} https://example.com/%CE%B1/b/%3F#c?%CE%B1%CE%B2=%CE%B3&%CE%B6=#%CE%9E&k=v#frag https://example.com/α/b%2F%3F%23c?αβ=γ%26ζ%3D%23Ξ&k=v#frag # Wikipedia test cases # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=ru.wikinews.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Категория:Вселенная} https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F https://ru.wikinews.org/wiki/Категория:Вселенная # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=av.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Ракь_(планета)} https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0) https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ракь_(планета) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=bo.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=སའི་གོ་ལ།} https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/སའི་གོ་ལ%E0%BC%8D # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=fiu-vro.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Maa_(hod'otäht)} https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa_(hod'ot%C3%A4ht) https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa_(hod'otäht) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=ty.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=’Afirita} https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99Afirita https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/’Afirita # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=ab.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Вашингтон,_Џьорџь} https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%8F%D1%8C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%9F%D1%8C https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Вашингтон,_Џьорџь # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=mni.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ_ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ_ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ_ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.} https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%9B_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%92%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A8.%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%2E https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ_ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ_ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ_ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ%2E # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=azb.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=واشینقتن،_دی.سی.} https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C.%D8%B3%DB%8C%2E https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/واشینقتن،_دی.سی%2E # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=mad.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Tasè’} https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tas%C3%A8%E2%80%99 https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasè%E2%80%99 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=wuu.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=聖保羅(巴西)} https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%EF%BC%88%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF%EF%BC%89 https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/聖保羅(巴西) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=vep.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Brüssel'} https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCssel%27 https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brüssel%27 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=tw.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Wiase_Nyinaa_Wɛbsaet_(_World_Wide_Web;_WWW_)} https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiase_Nyinaa_W%C9%9Bbsaet_(_World_Wide_Web;_WWW_) https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiase_Nyinaa_Wɛbsaet_(_World_Wide_Web;_WWW_) # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=ja.wikibooks.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=植物学 𝑷=植物とはどのような生き物か?} https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%81%A9%E3%81%AE%E3%82%88%E3%81%86%E3%81%AA%E7%94%9F%E3%81%8D%E7%89%A9%E3%81%8B%EF%BC%9F https://ja.wikibooks.org/wiki/植物学/植物とはどのような生き物か%EF%BC%9F # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=bn.wikibooks.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=উইকিশৈশব:দেশসমূহ_(অ-হ) 𝑷=ইসরায়েল} https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC:%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B9_(%E0%A6%85-%E0%A6%B9)/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2 https://bn.wikibooks.org/wiki/উইকিশৈশব:দেশসমূহ_(অ-হ)/ইসরায়েল # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=haw.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Puke_noi‘i_kū‘ikena} https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puke_noi%E2%80%98i_k%C5%AB%E2%80%98ikena https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puke_noi‘i_kū‘ikena # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=new.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=विन्सेन्ट_भ्यान_ग:} https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%3A https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/विन्सेन्ट_भ्यान_ग%3A # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=he.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=נאט"ו} https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%98%22%D7%95 https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/נאט"ו # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=ks.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=شارٕک۔} https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%95%DA%A9%DB%94 https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/شارٕک%DB%94 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=zh.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=联合国教育、科学及文化组织} https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%94%E5%90%88%E5%9B%BD%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E3%80%81%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E7%BB%84%E7%BB%87 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/联合国教育、科学及文化组织 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=am.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=«የሰብዓዊ_መብት_አቀፋዊ_መግለጽ»} https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%AB%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B0%E1%89%A5%E1%8B%93%E1%8B%8A_%E1%88%98%E1%89%A5%E1%89%B5_%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%80%E1%8D%8B%E1%8B%8A_%E1%88%98%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%88%E1%8C%BD%C2%BB https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/«የሰብዓዊ_መብት_አቀፋዊ_መግለጽ%C2%BB # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=bo.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=༼མ་ཧ་བ་ར་ཏ།༽} https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%BC%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8F%E0%BC%8D%E0%BC%BD https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/༼མ་ཧ་བ་ར་ཏ།༽ # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=am.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=አፈ፡ታሪክ} https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8D%88%E1%8D%A1%E1%89%B3%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AD https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/አፈ፡ታሪክ # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=it.wikibooks.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=Questo_è_l'ebraismo!} https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Questo_%C3%A8_l'ebraismo%21 https://it.wikibooks.org/wiki/Questo_è_l'ebraismo%21 # {𝑺=https:// 𝑯=my.wikipedia.org 𝑷=wiki 𝑷=ခို၊_ချိုးနှင့်_အလားတူငှက်များ} https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%81%8A_%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%84%E1%80%B7%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8 https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/ခို၊_ချိုးနှင့်_အလားတူငှက်များ