I had the same questions last year and found the answers in the documents that were pointed out to you.
If you like, you can have a look at my implementation for what you want to do at http://oss.software.ibm.com/developerworks/opensource/cvs/~checkout~/icu/source/tools/gennames/gennames.c (especially generateAlgorithmicData()) which implements all of this.
This generates a data file for ICU (http://oss.software.ibm.com/icu/) that uses it for the u_charName() API (see icu/source/common/unicode/uchar.h). The data structures and file format are ready for 21-bit code points.
You can, of course, also just use ICU instead of doing it yourself... :-)
markus
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