[Unicode]  Technical Reports
 

Unicode® Standard Annex #41

Common References for Unicode Standard Annexes

Version Unicode 8.0.0
Editors Laurențiu Iancu, Rick McGowan
Date 2015-06-01
This Version http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr41/tr41-17.html
Previous Version http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr41/tr41-15.html
Latest Version http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr41/
Latest Proposed Update http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr41/proposed.html
Revision 17

Summary

This annex presents a common set of references for the Unicode Standard Annexes.

Status

This document has been reviewed by Unicode members and other interested parties, and has been approved for publication by the Unicode Consortium. This is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited as a normative reference by other specifications.

A Unicode Standard Annex (UAX) forms an integral part of the Unicode Standard, but is published online as a separate document. The Unicode Standard may require conformance to normative content in a Unicode Standard Annex, if so specified in the Conformance chapter of that version of the Unicode Standard. The version number of a UAX document corresponds to the version of the Unicode Standard of which it forms a part.

Please submit corrigenda and other comments with the online reporting form [Feedback]. For the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see [Unicode]. For a list of current Unicode Technical Reports, see [Reports]. For more information about versions of the Unicode Standard, see [Versions]. For any errata which may apply to this annex, see [Errata].


Contents



1 References to Publications by the Unicode Consortium

Publications may be listed more than once under different headings.

[Blocks] Character Block Property Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/Blocks.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/Blocks.txt
[Charts] Character Code Charts
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/charts/
Index of character names with links to the corresponding code charts:
http://www.unicode.org/charts/charindex.html
[Charts14] Charts for the Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm Test Files
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/LineBreakTest.html
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/LineBreakTest.html
[Charts15] Normalization Charts
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/charts/normalization/
[Charts29] Charts for the Unicode Text Segmentation Test Files
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.html
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/WordBreakTest.html
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/SentenceBreakTest.html
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.html
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/WordBreakTest.html
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/SentenceBreakTest.html
[CLDR] Unicode Common Locale Data Repository
http://cldr.unicode.org/
[Code9] Reference Implementations of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm
C reference code:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/PROGRAMS/BidiReferenceC/
Java reference code:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/PROGRAMS/BidiReferenceJava/
[Code14] Sample Implementation of the Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm
http://www.unicode.org/Public/PROGRAMS/LineBreakSampleCpp/
[Corrections] Normalization Corrections Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/NormalizationCorrections.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/NormalizationCorrections.txt
[Corrigendum1] Corrigendum #1: UTF-8 Shortest Form
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum1.html
[Corrigendum2] Corrigendum #2: Yod with Hiriq Normalization
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum2.html
[Corrigendum3] Corrigendum #3: U+F951 Normalization
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum3.html
[Corrigendum4] Corrigendum #4: Five CJK Canonical Mapping Errors
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum4.html
[Corrigendum5] Corrigendum #5: Normalization Idempotency
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum5.html
[Corrigendum6] Corrigendum #6: Bidi Mirroring
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum6.html
[Corrigendum7] Corrigendum #7: UAX #14, Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm, rule LB8
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum7.html
[Corrigendum8] Corrigendum #8: Bidi_Class Fix for U+070F Syriac Abbreviation Mark
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum8.html
[Corrigendum9] Corrigendum #9: Clarification About Noncharacters
http://www.unicode.org/versions/corrigendum9.html
[Data9] Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm Property Data Files
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/BidiMirroring.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/BidiBrackets.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/BidiMirroring.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/BidiBrackets.txt
[Data11] East Asian Width Property Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/EastAsianWidth.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/EastAsianWidth.txt
[Data14] Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm Property Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/LineBreak.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/LineBreak.txt
[Data24] Unicode Script Property Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/Scripts.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/Scripts.txt
[Data34] Unicode Named Character Sequences Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/NamedSequences.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/NamedSequences.txt
[Data45] U-Source Ideographs Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/USourceData.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/USourceData.txt
[DataProv] Provisional Named Sequences Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/NamedSequencesProv.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/NamedSequencesProv.txt
[Demo9] Online Demo of the Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm
http://www.unicode.org/cldr/utility/bidi.jsp
[DerivedBIDI] Derived Bidirectional Type Property Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/extracted/DerivedBidiClass.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/extracted/DerivedBidiClass.txt
[Errata] Updates and Errata
http://www.unicode.org/errata
[Exclusions] Composition Exclusion Table
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/CompositionExclusions.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/CompositionExclusions.txt
[FAQ] Frequently Asked Questions
Answers to common questions on technical issues:
http://www.unicode.org/faq/
[Feedback] Contact Form
Error reporting and information requests:
http://www.unicode.org/reporting.html
[Glossary] Glossary of Unicode Terms
http://www.unicode.org/glossary/
[Glyphs45] U-Source Ideographs Glyph Table
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/USourceGlyphs.pdf
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/USourceGlyphs.pdf
[HangulST] Hangul Syllable Type Property Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/HangulSyllableType.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/HangulSyllableType.txt
[NormProps] Derived Normalization Properties Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
[Policies] Unicode Consortium Policies
http://www.unicode.org/policies/policies.html
[Props] Unicode Text Segmentation Property Data Files
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakProperty.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/WordBreakProperty.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/SentenceBreakProperty.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakProperty.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/WordBreakProperty.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/SentenceBreakProperty.txt
[PropValue] Property Value Aliases Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/PropertyValueAliases.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/PropertyValueAliases.txt
[Reports] Unicode Technical Reports
List of Unicode Standard Annexes, Technical Standards, and Technical Reports:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/
[Stability] Unicode Character Encoding Stability Policy
http://www.unicode.org/policies/stability_policy.html
[Tests9] Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm Test Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/BidiTest.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/BidiCharacterTest.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/BidiTest.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/BidiCharacterTest.txt
[Tests14] Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm Test Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/LineBreakTest.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/LineBreakTest.txt
[Tests15] Unicode Normalization Forms Test Data File
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/NormalizationTest.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/NormalizationTest.txt
[Tests29] Unicode Text Segmentation Test Data Files
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/WordBreakTest.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/auxiliary/SentenceBreakTest.txt
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/GraphemeBreakTest.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/WordBreakTest.txt
http://www.unicode.org/Public/8.0.0/ucd/auxiliary/SentenceBreakTest.txt
[UAX9] Unicode Standard Annex #9: Unicode Bidirectional Algorithm
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr9/tr9-33.html
[UAX11] Unicode Standard Annex #11: East Asian Width
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr11/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr11/tr11-29.html
[UAX14] Unicode Standard Annex #14: Unicode Line Breaking Algorithm
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr14/tr14-35.html
[UAX15] Unicode Standard Annex #15: Unicode Normalization Forms
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/tr15-43.html
[UAX24] Unicode Standard Annex #24: Unicode Script Property
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr24/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr24/tr24-24.html
[UAX29] Unicode Standard Annex #29: Unicode Text Segmentation
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr29/tr29-27.html
[UAX31] Unicode Standard Annex #31: Unicode Identifier and Pattern Syntax
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr31/tr31-23.html
[UAX34] Unicode Standard Annex #34: Unicode Named Character Sequences
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr34/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr34/tr34-20.html
[UAX38] Unicode Standard Annex #38: Unicode Han Database (Unihan)
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr38/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr38/tr38-19.html
[UAX41] Unicode Standard Annex #41: Common References for Unicode Standard Annexes
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr41/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr41/tr41-17.html
[UAX42] Unicode Standard Annex #42: Unicode Character Database in XML
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr42/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr42/tr42-17.html
[UAX44] Unicode Standard Annex #44: Unicode Character Database
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr44/tr44-16.html
[UAX45] Unicode Standard Annex #45: U-Source Ideographs
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr45/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr45/tr45-13.html
[UCD] About the Unicode Character Database
http://www.unicode.org/ucd/
For detailed documentation, see [UAX44].
[Unicode] The Unicode Standard
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/
[Unicode3.0] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0.0
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0 (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000. ISBN 0-201-61633-5),
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode3.0.0/
[Unicode3.1] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 3.1.0,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0 (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000. ISBN 0-201-61633-5),
as amended by the Unicode Standard Annex #27: Unicode 3.1
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr27/
[Unicode3.2] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 3.2.0,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0 (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000. ISBN 0-201-61633-5),
as amended by the Unicode Standard Annex #27: Unicode 3.1 and the Unicode Standard Annex #28: Unicode 3.2
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr28/
[Unicode4.0] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0.0,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003. ISBN 0-321-18578-1),
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.0/
[Unicode4.0.1] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0.1,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003. ISBN 0-321-18578-1),
as amended by Unicode 4.0.1
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.0.1/
[Unicode4.1] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 4.1.0,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2003. ISBN 0-321-18578-1),
as amended by Unicode 4.0.1 and Unicode 4.1.0
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode4.1.0/
[Unicode5.0] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0.0,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0 (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2007. ISBN 0-321-48091-0),
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.0.0/
[Unicode5.1] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 5.1.0,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0 (Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2007. ISBN 0-321-48091-0),
as amended by Unicode 5.1.0
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.1.0/
[Unicode5.2] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2.0,
defined by: The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2 (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2009. ISBN 978-1-936213-00-9),
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode5.2.0/
[Unicode6.0] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0.0
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2011. ISBN 978-1-936213-01-6)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.0.0/
[Unicode6.1] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 6.1.0
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2012. ISBN 978-1-936213-02-3)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.1.0/
[Unicode6.2] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2.0
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2012. ISBN 978-1-936213-07-8)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.2.0/
[Unicode6.3] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/
[Unicode7.0] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 7.0.0
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2014. ISBN 978-1-936213-09-2)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode7.0.0/
[Unicode8.0] The Unicode Consortium, The Unicode Standard, Version 8.0.0
(Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2015. ISBN 978-1-936213-10-8)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/
[UTC] Unicode Technical Committee
http://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc.html
[UTN5] Unicode Technical Note #5: Canonical Equivalence in Applications
http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5
[UTR17] Unicode Technical Report #17: Unicode Character Encoding Model
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr17/
[UTR20] Unicode Technical Report #20: Unicode in XML and other Markup Languages
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr20/
[UTR23] Unicode Technical Report #23: The Unicode Character Property Model
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr23/
[UTR25] Unicode Technical Report #25: Unicode Support for Mathematics
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr25/
[UTR33] Unicode Technical Report #33: Unicode Conformance Model
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr33/
[UTR36] Unicode Technical Report #36: Unicode Security Considerations
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr36/
[UTR50] Unicode Technical Report #50: Unicode Vertical Text Layout
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr50/
[UTR51] Unicode Technical Report #51: Unicode Emoji
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr51/
[UTS6] Unicode Technical Standard #6: A Standard Compression Scheme for Unicode
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr6/
[UTS10] Unicode Technical Standard #10: Unicode Collation Algorithm
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr10/tr10-32.html
[UTS18] Unicode Technical Standard #18: Unicode Regular Expressions
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr18/
[UTS22] Unicode Technical Standard #22: Unicode Character Mapping Markup Language (CharMapML)
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr22/
[UTS35] Unicode Technical Standard #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language (LDML)
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/
[UTS37] Unicode Technical Standard #37: Unicode Ideographic Variation Database
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr37/
[UTS39] Unicode Technical Standard #39: Unicode Security Mechanisms
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr39/
[UTS46] Unicode Technical Standard #46: Unicode IDNA Compatibility Processing
Latest version:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/
Version 8.0.0:
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr46/tr46-15.html
[Versions] About Versions of the Unicode Standard
Information on version numbering, and citing and referencing the Unicode Standard, the Unicode Character Database, and Unicode Technical Reports:
http://www.unicode.org/versions/

2 References to Other Standards

[10646] International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 10646:2014: Information Technology – Universal Coded Character Set (UCS), Fourth Edition
Available from the ISO/IEC ITTF website:
http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/
[HTML5] Robin Berjon, et al., HTML 5: A Vocabulary and Associated APIs for HTML and XHTML, W3C Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
[ISO15924] International Organization for Standardization, ISO 15924:2004: Information and Documentation – Codes for the Representation of Names of Scripts
http://www.unicode.org/iso15924/
[ISO19757] International Organization for Standardization, ISO/IEC 19757-2:2008: Information Technology – Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) – Part 2: Regular-Grammar-Based Validation – RELAX NG, Second Edition
Available from the ISO/IEC ITTF website:
http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/
[JIS] Japanese Standards Association, JIS X 4051:2004: Formatting Rules for Japanese Documents 『日本語文書の組版方法』
[KSX1026] Korean Agency for Technology and Standards, KS X 1026-1:2007: Information Technology – Universal Multiple Octet Coded Character Set – Hangul – Part 1: Hangul Processing Guide for Information Interchange
[XML] Tim Bray, et al., Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0, Fifth Edition, W3C Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/

3 Other References

[Cedar97] Cy Cedar, et al., Report from the Trenches: Microsoft Publisher goes Unicode, Proceedings of the Eleventh International Unicode Conference (San Jose, CA: 1997)
[CharLint] Martin J. Dürst, Charlint – A Character Normalization Tool
http://www.w3.org/International/charlint/
[CharMatch] Addison Phillips, Character Model for the World Wide Web: String Matching and Searching, W3C Working Draft
http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod-norm/
[CharMod] Martin J. Dürst, et al., Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Fundamentals, W3C Recommendation
http://www.w3.org/TR/charmod/
[CharNorm] François Yergeau, et al., Character Model for the World Wide Web 1.0: Normalization, W3C Working Draft
http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/WD-charmod-norm-20120501/
[Knuth78] Donald E. Knuth, et al., Breaking Lines into Paragraphs, republished in Digital Typography, CSLI 78 (Stanford, California: CLSI Publications, 1997)
[Suign98] Michel Suignard, Worldwide Typography and How to Apply JIS X 4051-1995 to Unicode, Proceedings of the Twelfth International Unicode / ISO 10646 Conference (Tokyo, Japan: 1998)
[TEX] Donald E. Knuth, TEX, the Program, Volume B of Computers & Typesetting (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1986)